Papers with group-relative policy optimization
EMO-RL: Emotion-Rule-Based Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Audio-Language Model for Generalized Speech Emotion Recognition (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have shown promise in improving LALMs’ reasoning abilities, but their performance in affective computing tasks remains suboptimal. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework incorporating reinforcement learning with two key innovations: Emotion Similarity-Weighted Reward (ESWR) and Explicit Structured Reasoning (ESR). |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves LALMs' reasoning abilities on MELD and IEMOCAP datasets and shows strong generalization. |
Understanding and Mitigating Spurious Signal Amplification in Test-Time Reinforcement Learning for Math Reasoning (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | a framework to mitigate spurious optimization signals is proposed for test-time reinforcement learning (TTRL) Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is an effective paradigm for improving large language models on structured challenging reasoning tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to mitigate spurious optimization signals from label noise . they propose to use a frequency-based sampling strategy to exclude ambiguous samples . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing TTRL baselines on three large language models across multiple mathematical reasoning benchmarks. |
MDP-GRPO: Stabilized Group Relative Policy Optimization for Multi-Constraint Instruction Following (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) can follow many natural-language instructions, yet they remain brittle when a request bundles multiple explicit constraints, such as asking the LLM to respond in a particular structure with an exact ending phrase. |
| Approach: | They propose a method which stabilizes learning through multi-temperature sampling to increase reward dispersion, dual-anchor advantages to restore gradients in homogeneous groups, prospect-theoretic shaping to bound updates and penalize violations based on Kahneman Tversky’s theory and asymmetric KL regularization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms standard GRPO on FollowBench, IFEval, and a curated multi-constraint dataset, improving strict constraint satisfaction by up to 5.0% on Llama-3.2-3B. |